Week 1: Key Takeaways and Study Guide

Use the questions below to prepare for your Exam. As you are reading through the course materials and watching the lectures make sure to have these questions handy.

What are the three Ps of environmental health?
The idea that there are multiple levels (individual through community, and broader) in which determinants of health, such as the environment can impact health is called the:
Describe the epidemiologic transition.
What is the carrying capacity?
Who is the father of epidemiology?
Epidemiology is about what three things?
The number of existing cases is ?
The number of new cases is ?
The most important criterion for causality is?
What are plausibility, temporality, and dose-response?
The epidemiologic triad consists of what tree things?
Which type of study is the comparison of cases and non-cases at one point in time.
Which type of study is the gold standard, true experiment
Which type of study is comparison of cases to find common exposures
Which type of study is may be prospective or retrospective
Which type of study compares cases and non-cases, looking back to their exposures.
Which type of study produces an odds ratio (OR)
Which type of study produces a relative risk (RR)
Which type of studies are quasi-experimental studies?
What type of bias is reliance on memory
What type of bias is associated with both the exposure and the outcome
What type of bias occurs because people able to do work tend to be in better health
What type of bias occurs because people may be more likely to change behaviors or interested in outcomes
Know your risk assessment homework
What is toxicology?
Who is the father of Toxicology?
"It’s the ___ that makes the ____".
Define in your own words dose, exposure, xenobiotic, synergistic, and potentiation?
What are toxins and toxicants, and how are they different?
Draw and label a dose-response curve.
What is an LD₅₀?
Distinguish between acute and chronic.
Why are individual responses to exposures different?
What are mutagens, carcinogens, and teratogens?
What type of guiding principle would be a preventative principle
What type of guiding principle would be when the company releasing the contaminants is fined
What type of guiding principle would require evidence of harm, but not definitive studies
What type of guiding principle would promote use of renewable resources
What type of guiding principle would be when disparities in income may lead to disparities in exposure
Why is it difficult to conduct environmental toxicology and epidemiology studies?
Which agency is charged with enforcing worker protection
Which agency studies environmental impacts
Which agency oversees superfund and brownfield clean-up, granting agency
Which agency tasked with developing national environmental standards
Which agency the science arm in worker protection
Which Act set NAAQS for air emissions
Which Act designates orphan sites and responsible parties
Which Act requires registration of pesticides
Which agency and Act Sets standards for water clarity, odor, and purity
Which Act sets standards for sewage treatment?