Assigned Reading & Annotations in Perusall

Download CASE STUDY - Produced Water.pdf
- You must annotate this article in Perusall. Note: While you are welcome to download and print a copy of the reading, please be reminded that you need to write your annotations in Perusall (link is provided in this module)
- This research paper, authored by Dr. Lopez, deals with the desalination of hypersaline brines. Conventional seawater desalination technologies and fossil energy operations produce large volumes of hypersaline brines requiring proper management. Zero liquid discharge desalination processes can offer an economic and environmentally responsible method to manage these complex streams. The objective of this study was to assess preliminary economics for a novel Joule-heated desalination process design.

Note: While you are welcome to download and print a copy of the reading, please be reminded that you need to write your annotations in Perusall (link is provided in this module)

Optional Reading

Download Unraveling the Complex Composition of Produced Water by Specialized Extraction Methodologies.pdf
- If you have an interest to learn about the complex chemistry of produced waters, this is the reading for you!
- Some remarkable findings of this study: "The characterization of organic solubles revealed a wide-range of compounds (e.g., octasulfur, n-alkanes, atrazine, diiodomethane). Many of these compounds are known to be harmful to human health and can cause deleterious effects to organisms
  and the surrounding environment, such as 1,4-dioxane. Moreover, the elemental composition of PW exhibited a wide range of transition metals and REEs, both being unlikely additives to the hydraulic fracturing process. Therefore, it is reasonable that these elements are indicative of the drilled geologic formation or well type. Furthermore, hazardous elements such as Se were present at high concentrations, together with trace amounts of Cr, Pb, Cd, and U. The discovery of these potentially hazardous materials in PW suggests greater monitoring and remediation efforts are needed."